Contents

1 vsftpdについて
- 1.1 用語
- 1.2 機能
2 サーバー構築
- 2.1 構築環境
- 2.2 OS設定
3 vsftpdの構築
- 3.1 vsftpdのインストール
  - 3.1.1 パッケージからインストール
  - 3.1.2 ソースコードからインストール
4 vsftpd設定
5 Tips
- 5.1 運用
  - 5.1.1 ユーザー追加
- 5.2 トラブルシューティング
  - 5.2.1 起動しない

vsftpdについて

公式ページ:https://security.appspot.com/vsftpd.html

用語

機能

サーバー構築

構築環境

vsftpd
3.0.3
※パッケージ版は3.0.2-22
OS
CentOS 7.3

OS設定

ネットワーク

固定IPアドレス割り当て

次のファイルを編集する

# ifcfg-loはループバックインタフェースであるため、触らない
vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-<インタフェース名>

以下では例として192.168.0.51/24を割り当てた

BOOTPROTO=static
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.0.51
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
NETWORK=192.168.0.0
GATEWAY=192.168.0.1

ネットワークを再起動する

systemctl restart network

ip addressコマンドにより、インタフェースが有効になっていることを確認する
これによりホストマシンなどからSSHでログイン可能となる

firewalld

※CentOS7.2以前のCentOS7場合はfirewalldのバージョン場古く、下記を実行できない。アップデートすること。

yum update firewalld -y

ルールが定義されていることを確認
```
firewall-cmd --permanent --info-service=ftp
```

現在ルールが適用されていないことを確認する

firewall-cmd --list-services --zone=public --permanent | sed -e "s/ /\n/g" | grep ftp

ルールを適用する

firewall-cmd --add-service=ftp --zone=public --permanent

ルールが適用されていることを確認する

firewall-cmd --list-services --zone=public --permanent | sed -e "s/ /\n/g" | grep ftp

設定を再読み込みして反映させる
```
firewall-cmd --reload
```

ホスト名

ホスト名としてftpを設定する

hostname ftp.corp
# 再起動しても有効にする
echo ftp.corp > /etc/hostname

再ログインすることで有効になる。

ユーザ作成

vsftpd用のユーザを作成する

useradd --user-group --no-create-home --shell /sbin/nologin vsftpd

vsftpdの構築

vsftpdのインストール

パッケージからインストール

yum install vsftpd -y

ソースコードからインストール

rootになる
```
su -
```
ソースコードを取得する
1. ダウンロードサイト:https://security.appspot.com/vsftpd.html#downloadからアーカイブのURLを取得する
  ※Stable releasesから取得する
2. ダウンロードする
```
curl -O -s https://security.appspot.com/downloads/vsftpd-3.0.3.tar.gz
```
3. アーカイブファイルを展開する
```
tar xzfv vsftpd-*.tar.gz
```
4. ソースコードディレクトリへ移動する
```
cd vsftpd-*
```
コンパイルオプションを変更する
```
vi builddefs.h
```
1. TCPWrappersを使用する場合
  この行を
```
#undef VSF_BUILD_TCPWRAPPERS
```
  以下に変更する
```
#define VSF_BUILD_TCPWRAPPERS
```
2. SSLを使用する場合
  この行を
```
#undef VSF_BUILD_SSL
```
  以下に変更する
```
#define VSF_BUILD_SSL
```
関連パッケージをインストールする
```
yum install gcc libcap-devel -y
```

コンパイル、インストールを行う

コンパイル最適化設定を行う
```
export CFLAGS="-O3 -m64"
```
- オプション
  ビルドの設定は行えない。
  その為、インストールパスは標準から変更不能。
コンパイルする
```
make 2>&1 | tee make.log
```

インストールを行う。

make install 2>&1 | tee make_install.log

下記ファイルがインストールされる。

/etc/xinetd.d/vsftpd
/usr/sbin/vsftpd
/usr/share/man/man5/vsftpd.conf.5
/usr/share/man/man8/vsftpd.8

インストールされたファイルを一か所に集める

INSTALL_PATH=/usr/local/`pwd | sed "s/.*\///"`
mkdir $INSTALL_PATH
mkdir $INSTALL_PATH/conf
mkdir $INSTALL_PATH/man
mkdir $INSTALL_PATH/bin
mv /etc/xinetd.d/vsftpd $INSTALL_PATH/conf/xinetd.conf
mv /usr/sbin/vsftpd $INSTALL_PATH/bin/
mv /usr/share/man/man5/vsftpd.conf.5 $INSTALL_PATH/man/
mv /usr/share/man/man8/vsftpd.8 $INSTALL_PATH/man/

リンク作成、環境変数設定などを行う
1. インストールディレクトリへのシンボリックリンクを作成する。
  これによって、複数のバージョンを同居させ、リンクを切り替えることで、バージョン変更が可能となる。
  各バージョンの実行ファイルはデフォルトでは各バージョンの設定ファイルを読み込むこととなる。
```
rm -f /usr/local/vsftpd
ln -s $INSTALL_PATH /usr/local/vsftpd
ln -s /usr/local/vsftpd/man/vsftpd.conf.5 /usr/share/man/man5/vsftpd.conf.5
ln -s /usr/local/vsftpd/man/vsftpd.8 /usr/share/man/man8/vsftpd.8
ln -s /usr/local/vsftpd/conf/xinetd.conf /etc/xinetd.d/vsftpd
```
2. 簡単にアクセスできるように環境変数を設定する
```
export VSFTPD_HOME=/usr/local/vsftpd
```
3. ツール類にパスを通す
```
export PATH=$VSFTPD_HOME/bin:$PATH
```
4. 環境変数を再起動後も有効にする
```
echo "" >> /etc/bashrc
echo "# VSFTPD ENVIRONMENT VARIABLE" >> /etc/bashrc
echo "export VSFTPD_HOME=$VSFTPD_HOME" >> /etc/bashrc
echo "export PATH=\$VSFTPD_HOME/bin:\$PATH" >> /etc/bashrc
```
不要なソースコードを削除する
```
cd ../
rm -rf vsftpd*
```

systemdの設定する

サービスファイルを作成する
※1024番以下のポートを使用する場合はパラメータ”User”を使用し、root以外を指定してはならない。

cat > /etc/systemd/system/vsftpd.service << EOT
[Unit]
Description=vsftpd ftp server
After=local-fs.target network.target network-online.target

[Service]
Type=simple
ExecStart=$VSFTPD_HOME/bin/vsftpd
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP \$MAINPID
PrivateTmp=true
NonBlocking=yes

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOT

必要であれば、ソケットファイルも作成する。
ソケットファイルはスーパーデーモンを利用する際に使用する。
FTPサーバーを使用する頻度が低いなら設定しておくと良い。

cat > /etc/systemd/system/vsftpd.socket << EOT
[Unit]
Description=vsftpd ftp server activation socket

[Socket]
#dovecot expects separate IPv4 and IPv6 sockets
BindIPv6Only=ipv6-only
ListenStream=0.0.0.0:20
ListenStream=[::]:20
ListenStream=0.0.0.0:21
ListenStream=[::]:21
KeepAlive=true

[Install]
WantedBy=sockets.target
EOT

サービスを有効化する
```
systemctl enable vsftpd
```

サービスが有効化されていることを確認する

systemctl list-unit-files --type service --no-pager | grep vsftpd

ファイル所有者を変更する

chown -R vsftpd:vsftpd /usr/local/vsftpd*

設定ファイルを作成する
※設定ファイルの所有者はrootでなければならない。

設定ファイルを用意する

サンプルファイルを使用する場合、コピーする

cp vsftpd.conf $VSFTPD_HOME/conf/

※元の内容は以下

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
anonymous_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
#local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
#write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
#local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
#xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
#chroot_local_user=YES
#chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and
# listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction
# with the listen_ipv6 directive.
listen=YES
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. To listen on IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets, you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration files.
# Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !!
#listen_ipv6=YES

自作する場合

cat > $VSFTPD_HOME/conf/vsftpd.conf << EOT
anonymous_enable=YES
local_enable=YES
chown_uploads=YES
chown_username=testuser
xferlog_file=$VSFTPD_HOME/log/vsftpd.log
idle_session_timeout=600
data_connection_timeout=120
listen=YES
listen_ipv6=NO
write_enable=YES
EOT

ログ出力先のディレクトリを作成する。

mkdir $VSFTPD_HOME/log

デフォルトの配置場所へリンクを作成する
```
ln -s $VSFTPD_HOME/conf/vsftpd.conf /etc/vsftpd.conf
```

vsftpdを起動する
```
systemctl start vsftpd
```
稼働確認
```
systemctl status vsftpd -l
```
停止する
```
systemctl stop vsftpd
```

vsftpd設定

参考:

設定変更後、以下のコマンドで設定ファイルの妥当性確認を行うことができる。

XXX

設定の反映は次のコマンドで行う

XXX reload

systemctl reload vsftpd

設定ファイルパス

$VSFTPD_HOME/conf/vsftpd.conf

※設定ファイルの所有者はrootでなければならない

アクセス禁止ユーザー設定

他に”ftpusers“というファイルも存在する。このファイルはftpアクセスを禁止するユーザーのリストである。ftpユーザーはOS上のユーザーと同じなので、システム用のユーザーやrootユーザーなどは禁止しておくと良い。

デフォルトでは以下が禁止ユーザーである。

root
bin
daemon
adm
lp
sync
shutdown
halt
mail
news
uucp
operator
games
nobody

記法

設定値

以下のように記述する。

<設定項目>=<値>

=以降に更に=が含まれる場合があるが、これは全て<値>の文字列である。
=の前後に空白は記述してはいけない。
ブール値はYESかNOが許可される。

設定値の欄において括弧の意味は以下。

[]
任意の値を選択するが、省略はできない
{}
任意の値を選択し、省略もできる
…
直前の変数値を複数個列挙して記述可能

先頭に#を付けることでコメントアウト可能

# xxx = yyy

標準設定一覧

パラメータ

基本設定

allow_anon_ssl

Only applies if ssl_enable is active. If set to YES, anonymous users will be allowed to use
secured SSL connections.

デフォルト
NO

async_abor_enable

When enabled, a special FTP command known as “async ABOR” will be enabled. Only ill advised FTP
clients will use this feature. Additionally, this feature is awkward to handle, so it is dis‐
abled by default. Unfortunately, some FTP clients will hang when cancelling a transfer unless
this feature is available, so you may wish to enable it.

デフォルト
NO

background

When enabled, and vsftpd is started in “listen” mode, vsftpd will background the listener
process. i.e. control will immediately be returned to the shell which launched vsftpd.

デフォルト
NO

check_shell

Note! This option only has an effect for non-PAM builds of vsftpd. If disabled, vsftpd will not
check /etc/shells for a valid user shell for local logins.

デフォルト
YES

chmod_enable

When enabled, allows use of the SITE CHMOD command. NOTE! This only applies to local users.
Anonymous users never get to use SITE CHMOD.

デフォルト
YES

chown_uploads

If enabled, all anonymously uploaded files will have the ownership changed to the user specified
in the setting chown_username. This is useful from an administrative, and perhaps security,
standpoint.

デフォルト
NO

chroot_list_enable

If activated, you may provide a list of local users who are placed in a chroot() jail in their
home directory upon login. The meaning is slightly different if chroot_local_user is set to YES.
In this case, the list becomes a list of users which are NOT to be placed in a chroot() jail.
By default, the file containing this list is /etc/vsftpd.chroot_list, but you may override this
with the chroot_list_file setting.

デフォルト
NO

chroot_local_user

If set to YES, local users will be (by default) placed in a chroot() jail in their home direc‐
tory after login. Warning: This option has security implications, especially if the users have
upload permission, or shell access. Only enable if you know what you are doing. Note that these
security implications are not vsftpd specific. They apply to all FTP daemons which offer to put
local users in chroot() jails.

デフォルト
NO

connect_from_port_20

This controls whether PORT style data connections use port 20 (ftp-data) on the server machine.
For security reasons, some clients may insist that this is the case. Conversely, disabling this
option enables vsftpd to run with slightly less privilege.

デフォルト
NO (but the sample config file enables it)

debug_ssl

If true, OpenSSL connection diagnostics are dumped to the vsftpd log file. (Added in v2.0.6).

デフォルト
NO

delete_failed_uploads

If true, any failed upload files are deleted. (Added in v2.0.7).

デフォルト
NO

deny_email_enable

If activated, you may provide a list of anonymous password e-mail responses which cause login to
be denied. By default, the file containing this list is /etc/vsftpd.banned_emails, but you may
override this with the banned_email_file setting.

デフォルト
NO

dirlist_enable

If set to NO, all directory list commands will give permission denied.

デフォルト
YES

dirmessage_enable

If enabled, users of the FTP server can be shown messages when they first enter a new directory.
By default, a directory is scanned for the file .message, but that may be overridden with the
configuration setting message_file.

デフォルト
NO (but the sample config file enables it)

download_enable

ファイルのダウンロードを許可するかどうか。

デフォルト
YES

force_dot_files

If activated, files and directories starting with . will be shown in directory listings even if
the “a” flag was not used by the client. This override excludes the “.” and “..” entries.

デフォルト
NO

force_anon_data_ssl

Only applies if ssl_enable is activated. If activated, all anonymous logins are forced to use a
secure SSL connection in order to send and receive data on data connections.

デフォルト
NO

force_anon_logins_ssl

Only applies if ssl_enable is activated. If activated, all anonymous logins are forced to use a
secure SSL connection in order to send the password.

デフォルト
NO

force_local_data_ssl

Only applies if ssl_enable is activated. If activated, all non-anonymous logins are forced to
use a secure SSL connection in order to send and receive data on data connections.

デフォルト
YES

force_local_logins_ssl

Only applies if ssl_enable is activated. If activated, all non-anonymous logins are forced to
use a secure SSL connection in order to send the password.

デフォルト
YES

guest_enable

有効な場合、anonymous以外でのログインはguestユーザーとしてのログインとなる。パラメータ”guest_username”によって、別のユーザに割り当てることもできる。

デフォルト
NO

hide_ids

If enabled, all user and group information in directory listings will be displayed as “ftp”.

デフォルト
NO

implicit_ssl

If enabled, an SSL handshake is the first thing expect on all connections (the FTPS protocol).
To support explicit SSL and/or plain text too, a separate vsftpd listener process should be run.

デフォルト
NO

listen

If enabled, vsftpd will run in standalone mode. This means that vsftpd must not be run from an
inetd of some kind. Instead, the vsftpd executable is run once directly. vsftpd itself will then
take care of listening for and handling incoming connections.

デフォルト
NO

listen_ipv6

Like the listen parameter, except vsftpd will listen on an IPv6 socket instead of an IPv4 one.
This parameter and the listen parameter are mutually exclusive.

デフォルト
NO

local_enable

Controls whether local logins are permitted or not. If enabled, normal user accounts in
/etc/passwd (or wherever your PAM config references) may be used to log in. This must be enable
for any non-anonymous login to work, including virtual users.

デフォルト
NO

lock_upload_files

When enabled, all uploads proceed with a write lock on the upload file. All downloads proceed
with a shared read lock on the download file. WARNING! Before enabling this, be aware that
malicious readers could starve a writer wanting to e.g. append a file.

デフォルト
YES

ls_recurse_enable

When enabled, this setting will allow the use of “ls -R”. This is a minor security risk, because
a ls -R at the top level of a large site may consume a lot of resources.

デフォルト
NO

mdtm_write

When enabled, this setting will allow MDTM to set file modification times (subject to the usual
access checks).

デフォルト
YES

no_anon_password

When enabled, this prevents vsftpd from asking for an anonymous password – the anonymous user
will log straight in.

デフォルト
NO

one_process_model

If you have a Linux 2.4 kernel, it is possible to use a different security model which only uses
one process per connection. It is a less pure security model, but gains you performance. You
really don’t want to enable this unless you know what you are doing, and your site supports huge
numbers of simultaneously connected users.

デフォルト
NO

passwd_chroot_enable

If enabled, along with chroot_local_user , then a chroot() jail location may be specified on a
per-user basis. Each user’s jail is derived from their home directory string in /etc/passwd. The
occurrence of /./ in the home directory string denotes that the jail is at that particular loca‐
tion in the path.

デフォルト
NO

pasv_addr_resolve

Set to YES if you want to use a hostname (as opposed to IP address) in the pasv_address option.

デフォルト
NO

pasv_enable

Set to NO if you want to disallow the PASV method of obtaining a data connection.

デフォルト
YES

pasv_promiscuous

Set to YES if you want to disable the PASV security check that ensures the data connection orig‐
inates from the same IP address as the control connection. Only enable if you know what you are
doing! The only legitimate use for this is in some form of secure tunnelling scheme, or perhaps
to facilitate FXP support.

デフォルト
NO

port_enable

Set to NO if you want to disallow the PORT method of obtaining a data connection.

デフォルト
YES

port_promiscuous

Set to YES if you want to disable the PORT security check that ensures that outgoing data con‐
nections can only connect to the client. Only enable if you know what you are doing!

デフォルト
NO

require_cert

If set to yes, all SSL client connections are required to present a client certificate. The
degree of validation applied to this certificate is controlled by validate_cert (Added in
v2.0.6).

デフォルト
NO

require_ssl_reuse

If set to yes, all SSL data connections are required to exhibit SSL session reuse (which proves
that they know the same master secret as the control channel). Although this is a secure
default, it may break many FTP clients, so you may want to disable it. For a discussion of the
consequences, see http://scarybeastsecurity.blogspot.com/2009/02/vsftpd-210-released.html (Added
in v2.1.0).

デフォルト
YES

run_as_launching_user

Set to YES if you want vsftpd to run as the user which launched vsftpd. This is useful where
root access is not available. MASSIVE WARNING! Do NOT enable this option unless you totally know
what you are doing, as naive use of this option can create massive security problems. Specifi‐
cally, vsftpd does not / cannot use chroot technology to restrict file access when this option
is set (even if launched by root). A poor substitute could be to use a deny_file setting such as
{/*,*..*}, but the reliability of this cannot compare to chroot, and should not be relied on.
If using this option, many restrictions on other options apply. For example, options requiring
privilege such as non-anonymous logins, upload ownership changing, connecting from port 20 and
listen ports less than 1024 are not expected to work. Other options may be impacted.

デフォルト
NO

secure_email_list_enable

Set to YES if you want only a specified list of e-mail passwords for anonymous logins to be
accepted. This is useful as a low-hassle way of restricting access to low-security content with‐
out needing virtual users. When enabled, anonymous logins are prevented unless the password pro‐
vided is listed in the file specified by the email_password_file setting. The file format is one
password per line, no extra whitespace. The default filename is /etc/vsftpd.email_passwords.

デフォルト
NO

session_support

This controls whether vsftpd attempts to maintain sessions for logins. If vsftpd is maintaining
sessions, it will try and update utmp and wtmp. It will also open a pam_session if using PAM to
authenticate, and only close this upon logout. You may wish to disable this if you do not need
session logging, and you wish to give vsftpd more opportunity to run with less processes and /
or less privilege. NOTE – utmp and wtmp support is only provided with PAM enabled builds.

デフォルト
NO

setproctitle_enable

If enabled, vsftpd will try and show session status information in the system process listing.
In other words, the reported name of the process will change to reflect what a vsftpd session is
doing (idle, downloading etc). You probably want to leave this off for security purposes.

デフォルト
NO

ssl_enable

If enabled, and vsftpd was compiled against OpenSSL, vsftpd will support secure connections via
SSL. This applies to the control connection (including login) and also data connections. You’ll
need a client with SSL support too. NOTE!! Beware enabling this option. Only enable it if you
need it. vsftpd can make no guarantees about the security of the OpenSSL libraries. By enabling
this option, you are declaring that you trust the security of your installed OpenSSL library.

デフォルト
NO

ssl_request_cert

If enabled, vsftpd will request (but not necessarily require; see require_cert)acertificateonin‐
comingSSLconnections.Normallythis should not cause any trouble at all, but IBM zOS seems to have
issues. (New in v2.0.7).

デフォルト
YES

ssl_sslv2

Only applies if ssl_enable is activated. If enabled, this option will permit SSL v2 protocol
connections. TLS v1 connections are preferred.

デフォルト
NO

ssl_sslv3

Only applies if ssl_enable is activated. If enabled, this option will permit SSL v3 protocol
connections. TLS v1 connections are preferred.

デフォルト
NO

ssl_tlsv1

Only applies if ssl_enable is activated. If enabled, this option will permit TLS v1 protocol
connections. TLS v1 connections are preferred.

デフォルト
YES

strict_ssl_read_eof

If enabled, SSL data uploads are required to terminate via SSL, not an EOF on the socket. This
option is required to be sure that an attacker did not terminate an upload prematurely with a
faked TCP FIN. Unfortunately, it is not enabled by default because so few clients get it right.
(New in v2.0.7).

デフォルト
NO

strict_ssl_write_shutdown

If enabled, SSL data downloads are required to terminate via SSL, not an EOF on the socket. This
is off by default as I was unable to find a single FTP client that does this. It is minor. All
it affects is our ability to tell whether the client confirmed full receipt of the file. Even
without this option, the client is able to check the integrity of the download. (New in v2.0.7).

デフォルト
NO

syslog_enable

If enabled, then any log output which would have gone to /var/log/vsftpd.log goes to the system
log instead. Logging is done under the FTPD facility.

デフォルト
NO

tcp_wrappers

If enabled, and vsftpd was compiled with tcp_wrappers support, incoming connections will be fed
through tcp_wrappers access control. Furthermore, there is a mechanism for per-IP based configu‐
ration. If tcp_wrappers sets the VSFTPD_LOAD_CONF environment variable, then the vsftpd session
will try and load the vsftpd configuration file specified in this variable.

デフォルト
NO

text_userdb_names

By default, numeric IDs are shown in the user and group fields of directory listings. You can
get textual names by enabling this parameter. It is off by default for performance reasons.

デフォルト
NO

tilde_user_enable

If enabled, vsftpd will try and resolve pathnames such as ~chris/pics, i.e. a tilde followed by
a username. Note that vsftpd will always resolve the pathnames ~ and ~/something (in this case
the ~ resolves to the initial login directory). Note that ~user paths will only resolve if the
file /etc/passwd may be found within the _current_ chroot() jail.

デフォルト
NO

tilde_user_enable

デフォルト
NO

use_localtime

If enabled, vsftpd will display directory listings with the time in your local time zone. The
default is to display GMT. The times returned by the MDTM FTP command are also affected by this
option.

デフォルト
NO

use_sendfile

An internal setting used for testing the relative benefit of using the sendfile() system call on
your platform.

デフォルト
YES

userlist_deny

This option is examined if userlist_enable is activated. If you set this setting to NO, then
users will be denied login unless they are explicitly listed in the file specified by
userlist_file. When login is denied, the denial is issued before the user is asked for a pass‐
word.

デフォルト
YES

userlist_enable

If enabled, vsftpd will load a list of usernames, from the filename given by userlist_file. If
a user tries to log in using a name in this file, they will be denied before they are asked for
a password. This may be useful in preventing cleartext passwords being transmitted. See also
userlist_deny.

デフォルト
NO

validate_cert

If set to yes, all SSL client certificates received must validate OK. Self-signed certs do not
constitute OK validation. (New in v2.0.6).

デフォルト
NO

virtual_use_local_privs

If enabled, virtual users will use the same privileges as local users. By default, virtual users
will use the same privileges as anonymous users, which tends to be more restrictive (especially
in terms of write access).

デフォルト
NO

xferlog_enable

If enabled, a log file will be maintained detailling uploads and downloads. By default, this
file will be placed at /var/log/vsftpd.log, but this location may be overridden using the con‐
figuration setting vsftpd_log_file.

デフォルト
NO (but the sample config file enables it)

xferlog_std_format

If enabled, the transfer log file will be written in standard xferlog format, as used by wu-
ftpd. This is useful because you can reuse existing transfer statistics generators. The default
format is more readable, however. The default location for this style of log file is
/var/log/xferlog, but you may change it with the setting xferlog_file.

デフォルト
NO

accept_timeout

The timeout, in seconds, for a remote client to establish connection with a PASV style data con‐
nection.

デフォルト
60

anon_max_rate

The maximum data transfer rate permitted, in bytes per second, for anonymous clients.

デフォルト
0 (unlimited)

anon_umask

The value that the umask for file creation is set to for anonymous users. NOTE! If you want to
specify octal values, remember the “0” prefix otherwise the value will be treated as a base 10
integer!

デフォルト
077

chown_upload_mode

The file mode to force for chown()ed anonymous uploads. (Added in v2.0.6).

デフォルト
0600

connect_timeout

The timeout, in seconds, for a remote client to respond to our PORT style data connection.

デフォルト
60

data_connection_timeout

The timeout, in seconds, which is roughly the maximum time we permit data transfers to stall for
with no progress. If the timeout triggers, the remote client is kicked off.

デフォルト
300

delay_failed_login

The number of seconds to pause prior to reporting a failed login.

デフォルト
1

delay_successful_login

The number of seconds to pause prior to allowing a successful login.

デフォルト
0

file_open_mode

The permissions with which uploaded files are created. Umasks are applied on top of this value.
You may wish to change to 0777 if you want uploaded files to be executable.

デフォルト
0666

ftp_data_port

The port from which PORT style connections originate (as long as the poorly named con‐
nect_from_port_20 is enabled).

デフォルト
20

idle_session_timeout

The timeout, in seconds, which is the maximum time a remote client may spend between FTP com‐
mands. If the timeout triggers, the remote client is kicked off.

デフォルト
300

listen_port

If vsftpd is in standalone mode, this is the port it will listen on for incoming FTP connec‐
tions.

デフォルト
21

local_max_rate

The maximum data transfer rate permitted, in bytes per second, for local authenticated users.

デフォルト
0 (unlimited)

local_umask

The value that the umask for file creation is set to for local users. NOTE! If you want to spec‐
ify octal values, remember the “0” prefix otherwise the value will be treated as a base 10 inte‐
ger!

デフォルト
077

max_clients

If vsftpd is in standalone mode, this is the maximum number of clients which may be connected.
Any additional clients connecting will get an error message.

デフォルト
0 (unlimited)

max_login_fails

After this many login failures, the session is killed.

デフォルト
3

max_per_ip

If vsftpd is in standalone mode, this is the maximum number of clients which may be connected
from the same source internet address. A client will get an error message if they go over this
limit.

デフォルト
0 (unlimited)

pasv_max_port

The maximum port to allocate for PASV style data connections. Can be used to specify a narrow
port range to assist firewalling.

デフォルト
0 (use any port)

pasv_min_port

The minimum port to allocate for PASV style data connections. Can be used to specify a narrow
port range to assist firewalling.

デフォルト
0 (use any port)

trans_chunk_size

You probably don’t want to change this, but try setting it to something like 8192 for a much
smoother bandwidth limiter.

デフォルト
0 (let vsftpd pick a sensible setting)

anon_root

This option represents a directory which vsftpd will try to change into after an anonymous
login. Failure is silently ignored.

デフォルト
(none)

banned_email_file

This option is the name of a file containing a list of anonymous e-mail passwords which are not
permitted. This file is consulted if the option deny_email_enable is enabled.

デフォルト
/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails

banner_file

This option is the name of a file containing text to display when someone connects to the
server. If set, it overrides the banner string provided by the ftpd_banner option.

デフォルト
(none)

ca_certs_file

This option is the name of a file to load Certificate Authority certs from, for the purpose of
validating client certs. The loaded certs are also advertised to the client, to cater for
TLSv1.0 clients such as the z/OS FTP client. Regrettably, the default SSL CA cert paths are not
used, because of vsftpd’s use of restricted filesystem spaces (chroot). (Added in v2.0.6).

デフォルト
(none)

chown_username

This is the name of the user who is given ownership of anonymously uploaded files. This option
is only relevant if another option, chown_uploads, is set.

デフォルト
root

chroot_list_file

The option is the name of a file containing a list of local users which will be placed in a
chroot() jail in their home directory. This option is only relevant if the option
chroot_list_enable is enabled. If the option chroot_local_user is enabled, then the list file
becomes a list of users to NOT place in a chroot() jail.

デフォルト
/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list

cmds_allowed

This options specifies a comma separated list of allowed FTP commands (post login. USER, PASS
and QUIT and others are always allowed pre-login). Other commands are rejected. This is a power‐
ful method of really locking down an FTP server. Example: cmds_allowed=PASV,RETR,QUIT

デフォルト
(none)

cmds_denied

This options specifies a comma separated list of denied FTP commands (post login. USER, PASS,
QUIT and others are always allowed pre-login). If a command appears on both this and
cmds_allowed then the denial takes precedence. (Added in v2.1.0).

デフォルト
(none)

deny_file

This option can be used to set a pattern for filenames (and directory names etc.) which should
not be accessible in any way. The affected items are not hidden, but any attempt to do anything
to them (download, change into directory, affect something within directory etc.) will be
denied. This option is very simple, and should not be used for serious access control – the
filesystem’s permissions should be used in preference. However, this option may be useful in
certain virtual user setups. In particular aware that if a filename is accessible by a variety
of names (perhaps due to symbolic links or hard links), then care must be taken to deny access
to all the names. Access will be denied to items if their name contains the string given by
hide_file, or if they match the regular expression specified by hide_file. Note that vsftpd’s
regular expression matching code is a simple implementation which is a subset of full regular
expression functionality. Because of this, you will need to carefully and exhaustively test any
application of this option. And you are recommended to use filesystem permissions for any impor‐
tant security policies due to their greater reliability. Supported regex syntax is any number of
*, ? and unnested {,} operators. Regex matching is only supported on the last component of a
path, e.g. a/b/? is supported but a/?/c is not. Example: deny_file={*.mp3,*.mov,.private}

デフォルト
(none)

dsa_cert_file

This option specifies the location of the DSA certificate to use for SSL encrypted connections.

デフォルト
(none – an RSA certificate suffices)

dsa_private_key_file

This option specifies the location of the DSA private key to use for SSL encrypted connections.
If this option is not set, the private key is expected to be in the same file as the certifi‐
cate.

デフォルト
(none)

email_password_file

This option can be used to provide an alternate file for usage by the secure_email_list_enable
setting.

デフォルト
/etc/vsftpd.email_passwords

ftp_username

This is the name of the user we use for handling anonymous FTP. The home directory of this user
pasv_max_port
The maximum port to allocate for PASV style data connections. Can be used to specify a narrow
port range to assist firewalling.

デフォルト
0 (use any port)

pasv_min_port

The minimum port to allocate for PASV style data connections. Can be used to specify a narrow
port range to assist firewalling.

デフォルト
0 (use any port)

trans_chunk_size

You probably don’t want to change this, but try setting it to something like 8192 for a much
smoother bandwidth limiter.

デフォルト
0 (let vsftpd pick a sensible setting)

ftpd_banner

This string option allows you to override the greeting banner displayed by vsftpd when a connec‐
tion first comes in.

デフォルト
(none – default vsftpd banner is displayed)

guest_username

See the boolean setting guest_enable for a description of what constitutes a guest login. This
setting is the real username which guest users are mapped to.

デフォルト
ftp

hide_file

This option can be used to set a pattern for filenames (and directory names etc.) which should
be hidden from directory listings. Despite being hidden, the files / directories etc. are fully
accessible to clients who know what names to actually use. Items will be hidden if their names
contain the string given by hide_file, or if they match the regular expression specified by
hide_file. Note that vsftpd’s regular expression matching code is a simple implementation which
is a subset of full regular expression functionality. See deny_file for details of exactly what
regex syntax is supported. Example: hide_file={*.mp3,.hidden,hide*,h?}

デフォルト
(none)

listen_address

If vsftpd is in standalone mode, the default listen address (of all local interfaces) may be
overridden by this setting. Provide a numeric IP address.

デフォルト
(none)

listen_address6

Like listen_address, but specifies a default listen address for the IPv6 listener (which is used
if listen_ipv6 is set). Format is standard IPv6 address format.

デフォルト
(none)

local_root

This option represents a directory which vsftpd will try to change into after a local (i.e. non-
anonymous) login. Failure is silently ignored.

デフォルト
(none)

message_file

This option is the name of the file we look for when a new directory is entered. The contents
are displayed to the remote user. This option is only relevant if the option dirmessage_enable
is enabled.

デフォルト
.message

nopriv_user

This is the name of the user that is used by vsftpd when it wants to be totally unprivileged.
Note that this should be a dedicated user, rather than nobody. The user nobody tends to be used
for rather a lot of important things on most machines.

デフォルト
nobody

pam_service_name

This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use.

デフォルト
ftp

pasv_address

Use this option to override the IP address that vsftpd will advertise in response to the PASV
command. Provide a numeric IP address, unless pasv_addr_resolve is enabled, in which case you
can provide a hostname which will be DNS resolved for you at startup.

デフォルト
(none – the address is taken from the incoming connected socket)

rsa_cert_file

This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL encrypted connections.

デフォルト
/usr/share/ssl/certs/vsftpd.pem

rsa_private_key_file

This option specifies the location of the RSA private key to use for SSL encrypted connections.
If this option is not set, the private key is expected to be in the same file as the certifi‐
cate.

デフォルト
(none)

secure_chroot_dir

This option should be the name of a directory which is empty. Also, the directory should not be
writable by the ftp user. This directory is used as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does
not require filesystem access.

デフォルト
/usr/share/empty

ssl_ciphers

This option can be used to select which SSL ciphers vsftpd will allow for encrypted SSL connec‐
tions. See the ciphers man page for further details. Note that restricting ciphers can be a use‐
ful security precaution as it prevents malicious remote parties forcing a cipher which they have
found problems with.

デフォルト
DES-CBC3-SHA

user_sub_token

This option is useful is conjunction with virtual users. It is used to automatically generate a
home directory for each virtual user, based on a template. For example, if the home directory of
the real user specified via guest_username is /home/virtual/$USER, and user_sub_token is set to
$USER, then when virtual user fred logs in, he will end up (usually chroot()’ed) in the direc‐
tory /home/virtual/fred. This option also takes affect if local_root contains user_sub_token.

デフォルト
(none)

userlist_file

This option is the name of the file loaded when the userlist_enable option is active.

デフォルト
/etc/vsftpd.user_list

アクセス制御

user_config_dir

ユーザーごとにFTPアクセスする際の基底パスを指定することができる、設定ファイルを配置するディレクトリのパスを指定する。

例えば、次のように設定する

user_config_dir=/usr/local/vsftpd/user_config

更に次のファイルを配置する

vi /usr/local/vsftpd/user_config/testuser

local_root=/usr/local/ftpdir

この設定を反映することで、testuserでログインした場合は、/usr/local/ftpdirが基底ディレクトリになる。

なお、ユーザーごとの設定ファイルにはwrite_enableなどのアクセス制御に関する設定を記述可能で、これにより、各ディレクトリに個別のアクセス制御設定が可能である。

デフォルト
(none)

write_enable

This controls whether any FTP commands which change the filesystem are allowed or not. These
commands are: STOR, DELE, RNFR, RNTO, MKD, RMD, APPE and SITE.

デフォルト
NO

anon_mkdir_write_enable

If set to YES, anonymous users will be permitted to create new directories under certain condi‐
tions. For this to work, the option write_enable must be activated, and the anonymous ftp user
must have write permission on the parent directory.

デフォルト
NO

anon_other_write_enable

If set to YES, anonymous users will be permitted to perform write operations other than upload
and create directory, such as deletion and renaming. This is generally not recommended but
included for completeness.

デフォルト
NO

anon_upload_enable

If set to YES, anonymous users will be permitted to upload files under certain conditions. For
this to work, the option write_enable must be activated, and the anonymous ftp user must have
write permission on desired upload locations. This setting is also required for virtual users to
upload; by default, virtual users are treated with anonymous (i.e. maximally restricted) privi‐
lege.

デフォルト
NO

anon_world_readable_only

When enabled, anonymous users will only be allowed to download files which are world readable.
This is recognising that the ftp user may own files, especially in the presence of uploads.

デフォルト
YES

anonymous_enable

Controls whether anonymous logins are permitted or not. If enabled, both the usernames ftp and
anonymous are recognised as anonymous logins.

デフォルト
YES

ascii_download_enable

When enabled, ASCII mode data transfers will be honoured on downloads.

デフォルト
NO

ascii_upload_enable

When enabled, ASCII mode data transfers will be honoured on uploads.

デフォルト
NO

ログ

vsftpd_log_file

This option is the name of the file to which we write the vsftpd style log file. This log is
only written if the option xferlog_enable is set, and xferlog_std_format is NOT set. Alterna‐
tively, it is written if you have set the option dual_log_enable. One further complication – if
you have set syslog_enable, then this file is not written and output is sent to the system log
instead.

デフォルト
/var/log/vsftpd.log

xferlog_file

This option is the name of the file to which we write the wu-ftpd style transfer log. The trans‐
fer log is only written if the option xferlog_enable is set, along with xferlog_std_format.
Alternatively, it is written if you have set the option dual_log_enable.

デフォルト
/var/log/xferlog

dual_log_enable

If enabled, two log files are generated in parallel, going by default to /var/log/xferlog and
/var/log/vsftpd.log. The former is a wu-ftpd style transfer log, parseable by standard tools.
The latter is vsftpd’s own style log.

デフォルト
NO

log_ftp_protocol

When enabled, all FTP requests and responses are logged, providing the option xferlog_std_format
is not enabled. Useful for debugging.

デフォルト
NO

no_log_lock

When enabled, this prevents vsftpd from taking a file lock when writing to log files. This
option should generally not be enabled. It exists to workaround operating system bugs such as
the Solaris / Veritas filesystem combination which has been observed to sometimes exhibit hangs
trying to lock log files.

デフォルト
NO

Tips

運用

ユーザー追加

FTPを許可するユーザーはOSのユーザーと同じである（パスワードも同じ）なので、ユーザー追加時には単にOSにユーザーを追加すれば良い。

useradd <ユーザー名>
passwd <ユーザー名>

トラブルシューティング

起動しない

vsftpd.service: main process exited, code=exited, status=2/INVALIDARGUMENT

次のようなエラーが出てsystemdから起動できない

vsftpd.service: main process exited, code=exited, status=2/INVALIDARGUMENT

設定ファイルの所有者がrootであるか確認する。
違う場合、rootに変更する。

chown root:root /usr/local/vsftpd/conf